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Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices true By:Kayvon Modjarrad Published on 2013-12-05 by Elsevier Inc. Chapters The history of plastics and medical devices traces a complex course of slowly evolving ideas punctuated by moments of intellectual revolution. When viewed from the vantage of retrospect, it becomes apparent that milestones in the progress of biomaterial science represent culminations of gradual shifts in theory and iterative experimentation. This has been as true for methodological developments in polymer chemistry as it has for technological breakthroughs in medical equipment design. The two disciplines, though now inextricable from one another, initially advanced along largely separate and occasionally redundant paths. Until the latter decades of the twentieth century, physicians and surgeons modified existing materials to create and refine devices according to their clinical needs while chemists and engineers synthesized materials de novo witho...